Diagnostic characters for the New World leafhopper subfamily Neocoelidiinae are reviewed. Krocodona Kramer (with new synonym Krocobella Kramer), Krocozzota Kramer, and the fossil genus Krocarites Dietrich and Vega, previously placed in Nirvaninae based on their depressed, strongly produced heads, are transferred to Neocoelidiinae (new placements) based on characters of the head, wing venation, leg chaetotaxy, and male genitalia. The related neocoelidiine leafhopper genera Retrolidia, new genus, based on three new species, and Krocolidia, new genus, based on two new species, all from South America; four new South American species of Krocodona; and a new species of Krocozzota (including the first known male of the genus) are described and illustrated. Keys to Krocodona and Retrolidia species and a checklist of neocoelidiine genera are provided.